Introduction
A comic play is intended to amuse the spectators or readers. And to define the function of his comedy, Molière said "Castigat ridendo mores," ie "It punishes the manners by laughing." And for good reason, Jean Baptiste Poquelin whose real name carries the characters of men to write his plays. To summarize the world of the play The Miser published in 1668, he noted " a man is greedy, and pretends that he keep his wealth. " This theme will be operated and vicious in its perspective as seen by the playwright, actor and director Molière. To analyze the text, we will consider in turn the players, the summary of action, structure, themes, and finally the dramatization.
I. Actors
A comic play is intended to amuse the spectators or readers. And to define the function of his comedy, Molière said "Castigat ridendo mores," ie "It punishes the manners by laughing." And for good reason, Jean Baptiste Poquelin whose real name carries the characters of men to write his plays. To summarize the world of the play The Miser published in 1668, he noted " a man is greedy, and pretends that he keep his wealth. " This theme will be operated and vicious in its perspective as seen by the playwright, actor and director Molière. To analyze the text, we will consider in turn the players, the summary of action, structure, themes, and finally the dramatization.
I. Actors
HARPAGON father of Cleanthes and Elise, and lovers of Mariane. It is the main character, an old man became a legendary figure because of his vice: greed, which is his greed makes him a usurer. He loves gold, wealth and the fear that he steals and he is in love.
CLEANTE son of Scrooge, Mariane's lover. ELISE, daughter of Scrooge, lover of Valere. VALÈRE , son of Anselmo, and lover of Elise. MARIANE , lover of Cleanthes, and loved with Scrooge. ANSELME , father of Valere and Mariane. FROSINE woman of intrigue. MASTER SIMON , broker. MASTER JACQUES, cook and coachman Scrooge. THE ARROW , valet Cleante. DAME CLAUDE , servant of Scrooge. Brindavoine , THE HAKE , lackeys of Scrooge. COMMISSIONER AND CLERC .
CLEANTE son of Scrooge, Mariane's lover. ELISE, daughter of Scrooge, lover of Valere. VALÈRE , son of Anselmo, and lover of Elise. MARIANE , lover of Cleanthes, and loved with Scrooge. ANSELME , father of Valere and Mariane. FROSINE woman of intrigue. MASTER SIMON , broker. MASTER JACQUES, cook and coachman Scrooge. THE ARROW , valet Cleante. DAME CLAUDE , servant of Scrooge. Brindavoine , THE HAKE , lackeys of Scrooge. COMMISSIONER AND CLERC .
The scene is in Paris.
II. Abstract
Widow and extremely stingy, Scrooge wants to marry his daughter Elise to a wealthy old man, Anselmo, willing to take without dowry. But Elise wants to marry Valere, who was introduced to Scrooge by being hired as superintendent. Scrooge has a son, Cleanthes, who loves Mariane, but he has to rival Scrooge himself. To help his master, La Fleche, the servant of Cleanthes, steals the tape filled with gold Scrooge. Wrongly accused, Valerius reveals his love for Elise. The traditional process of recognition helps to unravel the plot: Anselm in Mariane and Valere recognizes his children, he thought he had lost in a shipwreck. Valere and Elise will marry, and Mariane Cleante well, while Harpagon is pleased to have found his beloved tape.
III. A structure acts
Act I - The story takes place in Paris. The rich and miserly Scrooge has two children: Elise, who is in love with Valere, a Neapolitan gentleman at the service of his father as steward, and Cleanthes who wishes to marry Mariane, a young woman living with her mother penniless. It does not support the greed of his father's love thwart his plans. Scrooge is terrified by an obsessive fear he hid in the garden, a cassette that contains ten thousand gold crowns, he discovers that fear and that the steals. Suspicious, he distrusts everyone, even his children, he will return to La Fleche, the servant of Cleanthes. Finally, he reveals his intentions: he will marry Mariane, Elise is promised (without added dot) Anselmo, an old man, and Cleanthes is for a widow. The girl vigorously denies, his father asks Valere to convince her.
Act II - Cleanthes, who can not count on his father, is in urgent need of fifteen thousand francs. The Spire, his valet, takes care to find a lender, an intermediary, Master Simon, a broker, the conditions that are inform wear the most outrageous. Incensed, he finally discovered that the loan shark is none other than his father, a violent dispute between them. The intriguing Frosine the scene, she convinces Scrooge that Mariane is a woman who prefers older men and would be willing to marry him. The Miser is annoyed by the lack of fortune of the young woman, but Frosine convinces a poor person who ignores the expenditure side, it can only agree. The intriguing wants to get paid for his services, but Scrooge refuses and leaves.
Act III - On the occasion of signing the marriage contract, Scrooge has invited to dinner Mariane. He blames his servants, and especially Master Jacques, that spending is limited. The cook protests, the steward Valere supports and promotes the economy miser and a heated argument ensued during which Mr Jacques receives blows, and therefore can only think revenge. Arrive Frosine introducing Mariane in the house, nervous to meet her future husband. When it appears, she is disgusted by his physique, it's when Cleanthes arrives, she recognizes the young man who is the object of his thoughts. Follows a conversation between lovers, in which they confess veiled words to their mutual feelings. Cleante removes a valuable ring finger of his father, and offers his own name to the one he loves. Scrooge did not really understand the situation.
Act IV - The two young lovers seeking to intervene with Frosine big bluestem, and waives his marriage nonsense. Scrooge catches her son fucking Mariane's hand, and develops suspicions that it wants to make sure. To probe his son and know their hopes, he says he changed his plans and renounced marriage. The naive son said his father, his love for the girl and her desire to marry him furious Scrooge was unable to withstand an attack of violence and cursed. Master Jacques intervenes to separate them and reconcile them: as an aside, it makes them believe that everyone else has given up. Reconciliation is short, the argument starts over again and continues until the arrival of La Fleche, with the cassette of the ten thousand crowns, which he himself had stolen. Scrooge promises to find the culprit and punish him as it should.
Act V - miser convene a police commissioner to investigate the theft of the tape and, in his frenzy of greedy, he wants to interview all Parisians. In revenge, Master Jacques means Valere happens at this time. He was ordered to explain and acknowledge his crime. Misunderstanding, thinking that his feelings for Elise known, he admits that it is secretly his girlfriend. Once again Scrooge includes delayed and the Fury the resumes. Anselme, who is to marry Eliza, comes into play when Valerius began his story. The old man understood that Valere and Mariane are children of Anselm, he was convinced they had perished in a shipwreck many years ago. Cleanthes will marry Mariane and Valere Elise. Scrooge accepts their marriages, as Anselm pay everything. He remains alone with his tape.
IV. Themes
1. Love and marriage
Asked Valere, "what can you fear, Elise, in the kindness you have for me? "Elise says," Alas! percent things at once: the passion of a father, the reproaches of a family, the censure of the world, but most of all, Valere, a change of heart, coldness and criminal, including those of your gender pay most often too ardent testimony of an innocent love. "And she adds:" All men are alike in words, and it is the actions that
find them different. " This shows that during the 17th century man was often inconsistent, which frightened the girl. Elise believes that love is too serious a commitment to love that word scares him, especially when his brother tells him that Cleanthes Mariane loves: "Have you hired, my brother, with the one you love? .
In this society, to marry, it is not enough just to love, it is more that the girl has money which will be her dowry, bet she gives to man. Scrooge, however, unwilling to spend for his daughter, he finds an old man who agrees to marry him without the dowry, but mostly he wants to marry a girl for her money and at the same time find a woman to her son Cleante to grow his money. In short, the rich miser here thinks the trade of marriage.
2. Avarice and money
Scrooge is so miserly he comes to accuse an innocent thief, moreover it has the word to lip. So when he wants to hide his silver tape it and Arrow Hunting: "Out of here just now, and we do not replicate. Come, we scoot my home, alderman thief, jailbird true. " For him, it can steal your money with the eyes, because he does not want that "cursed eyes besiege all [his] actions, devour what [he] owns, and ferreting on all sides to see if ' there is nothing to steal. " But deep Scrooge does not that people know he has money. We laugh almost the avarice of the rat when he saves up all over thinking does not wear wigs that would cost money: "It is very wrong. If you are lucky at play, you should enjoy, and make an honest interest you earn money in order to find a date. I wonder, if nothing else, what are all these tapes that you are larded from head to foot, and if half a dozen needles is not enough to attach a high-clothes? It is necessary to use money from wigs, when you can wear hair of his own, which cost nothing. "
V. Dramatization
In this comedy, Molière uses all of comedy, the comic character in the person of Scrooge, the situation comedy - each character is presented as a mask (at a moment in history each cache her love) - the comedy of manners and rehearsal and of course the comedy of words, gestures, inherited from the farce and ballet, which knows Molière. Therefore, love and youth can both laugh at the authority wants to marry against their wishes, and see their businesses successful. Each character oscillates between the sham and the secret, The Miser is a piece that allows those who see Molière a moralist and those who see it as a playwright inspired to reconcile. Only the comedy, in fact, can give the game masks any subversive power, but only the truth of desire becoming truth of all allows the moral legitimately win.
Conclusion
The Miser is a kind of warning. It defends itself often not to be greedy, and treat each other miser. And rightly due to Molière say for a simple definition that claims to keep his money to justify is not stingy. Still, a degree of greed is a disease. Fortunately for Scrooge, this disease has not killed because it's drama and comedy, so the death may be the outcome. What would in real life? Do we keep our money forever? For whom do we care? Will there be time to eat anything you care if this is of course our goal? These questions are implicit in the room. Meditate on it! Appendix:
Some quotes from the piece:
"Without dowry! The means to resist a reason like that? (Valere, Act I, Scene V)
"Giving is a word that has such an aversion, he never says:" I give you "but" I'll lend you a good morning. " "(La Fleche, Act II, Scene IV)
" When there is food for eight, there are many for ten. "(Scrooge to Master Jacques, Act III, Scene I)
" We must eat to live not live to eat. "(Valerius" supporting Scrooge, Act III, Scene I)
"Alas, my poor money, my poor money, my dear friend I was deprived you, and because thou art removed, I lost my support, my consolation, my joy is all over for me, and I've only done the world! Without you, I can not live. "(Scrooge, Act IV, Scene 7)
" It's a natural to be too hard as to have no pity for his neighbor. "(Master Jacques, Act III, Scene 1)
" "Giving" is a word to which he has such an aversion, he never says: "I give you" but "I'll lend you a good morning." (The arrow that says to Scrooge, Act II, Scene 4).
"Who feels snotty to fly." (Speaking to Scrooge Frosine indirectly act I, Scene 3)
"What is that, sixty years? It is the prime of life and you are now entering the season. "(Frosine mocking Scrooge, Act II, Scene 5)
II. Abstract
Widow and extremely stingy, Scrooge wants to marry his daughter Elise to a wealthy old man, Anselmo, willing to take without dowry. But Elise wants to marry Valere, who was introduced to Scrooge by being hired as superintendent. Scrooge has a son, Cleanthes, who loves Mariane, but he has to rival Scrooge himself. To help his master, La Fleche, the servant of Cleanthes, steals the tape filled with gold Scrooge. Wrongly accused, Valerius reveals his love for Elise. The traditional process of recognition helps to unravel the plot: Anselm in Mariane and Valere recognizes his children, he thought he had lost in a shipwreck. Valere and Elise will marry, and Mariane Cleante well, while Harpagon is pleased to have found his beloved tape.
III. A structure acts
Act I - The story takes place in Paris. The rich and miserly Scrooge has two children: Elise, who is in love with Valere, a Neapolitan gentleman at the service of his father as steward, and Cleanthes who wishes to marry Mariane, a young woman living with her mother penniless. It does not support the greed of his father's love thwart his plans. Scrooge is terrified by an obsessive fear he hid in the garden, a cassette that contains ten thousand gold crowns, he discovers that fear and that the steals. Suspicious, he distrusts everyone, even his children, he will return to La Fleche, the servant of Cleanthes. Finally, he reveals his intentions: he will marry Mariane, Elise is promised (without added dot) Anselmo, an old man, and Cleanthes is for a widow. The girl vigorously denies, his father asks Valere to convince her.
Act II - Cleanthes, who can not count on his father, is in urgent need of fifteen thousand francs. The Spire, his valet, takes care to find a lender, an intermediary, Master Simon, a broker, the conditions that are inform wear the most outrageous. Incensed, he finally discovered that the loan shark is none other than his father, a violent dispute between them. The intriguing Frosine the scene, she convinces Scrooge that Mariane is a woman who prefers older men and would be willing to marry him. The Miser is annoyed by the lack of fortune of the young woman, but Frosine convinces a poor person who ignores the expenditure side, it can only agree. The intriguing wants to get paid for his services, but Scrooge refuses and leaves.
Act III - On the occasion of signing the marriage contract, Scrooge has invited to dinner Mariane. He blames his servants, and especially Master Jacques, that spending is limited. The cook protests, the steward Valere supports and promotes the economy miser and a heated argument ensued during which Mr Jacques receives blows, and therefore can only think revenge. Arrive Frosine introducing Mariane in the house, nervous to meet her future husband. When it appears, she is disgusted by his physique, it's when Cleanthes arrives, she recognizes the young man who is the object of his thoughts. Follows a conversation between lovers, in which they confess veiled words to their mutual feelings. Cleante removes a valuable ring finger of his father, and offers his own name to the one he loves. Scrooge did not really understand the situation.
Act IV - The two young lovers seeking to intervene with Frosine big bluestem, and waives his marriage nonsense. Scrooge catches her son fucking Mariane's hand, and develops suspicions that it wants to make sure. To probe his son and know their hopes, he says he changed his plans and renounced marriage. The naive son said his father, his love for the girl and her desire to marry him furious Scrooge was unable to withstand an attack of violence and cursed. Master Jacques intervenes to separate them and reconcile them: as an aside, it makes them believe that everyone else has given up. Reconciliation is short, the argument starts over again and continues until the arrival of La Fleche, with the cassette of the ten thousand crowns, which he himself had stolen. Scrooge promises to find the culprit and punish him as it should.
Act V - miser convene a police commissioner to investigate the theft of the tape and, in his frenzy of greedy, he wants to interview all Parisians. In revenge, Master Jacques means Valere happens at this time. He was ordered to explain and acknowledge his crime. Misunderstanding, thinking that his feelings for Elise known, he admits that it is secretly his girlfriend. Once again Scrooge includes delayed and the Fury the resumes. Anselme, who is to marry Eliza, comes into play when Valerius began his story. The old man understood that Valere and Mariane are children of Anselm, he was convinced they had perished in a shipwreck many years ago. Cleanthes will marry Mariane and Valere Elise. Scrooge accepts their marriages, as Anselm pay everything. He remains alone with his tape.
IV. Themes
1. Love and marriage
Asked Valere, "what can you fear, Elise, in the kindness you have for me? "Elise says," Alas! percent things at once: the passion of a father, the reproaches of a family, the censure of the world, but most of all, Valere, a change of heart, coldness and criminal, including those of your gender pay most often too ardent testimony of an innocent love. "And she adds:" All men are alike in words, and it is the actions that
find them different. " This shows that during the 17th century man was often inconsistent, which frightened the girl. Elise believes that love is too serious a commitment to love that word scares him, especially when his brother tells him that Cleanthes Mariane loves: "Have you hired, my brother, with the one you love? .
In this society, to marry, it is not enough just to love, it is more that the girl has money which will be her dowry, bet she gives to man. Scrooge, however, unwilling to spend for his daughter, he finds an old man who agrees to marry him without the dowry, but mostly he wants to marry a girl for her money and at the same time find a woman to her son Cleante to grow his money. In short, the rich miser here thinks the trade of marriage.
2. Avarice and money
Scrooge is so miserly he comes to accuse an innocent thief, moreover it has the word to lip. So when he wants to hide his silver tape it and Arrow Hunting: "Out of here just now, and we do not replicate. Come, we scoot my home, alderman thief, jailbird true. " For him, it can steal your money with the eyes, because he does not want that "cursed eyes besiege all [his] actions, devour what [he] owns, and ferreting on all sides to see if ' there is nothing to steal. " But deep Scrooge does not that people know he has money. We laugh almost the avarice of the rat when he saves up all over thinking does not wear wigs that would cost money: "It is very wrong. If you are lucky at play, you should enjoy, and make an honest interest you earn money in order to find a date. I wonder, if nothing else, what are all these tapes that you are larded from head to foot, and if half a dozen needles is not enough to attach a high-clothes? It is necessary to use money from wigs, when you can wear hair of his own, which cost nothing. "
V. Dramatization
In this comedy, Molière uses all of comedy, the comic character in the person of Scrooge, the situation comedy - each character is presented as a mask (at a moment in history each cache her love) - the comedy of manners and rehearsal and of course the comedy of words, gestures, inherited from the farce and ballet, which knows Molière. Therefore, love and youth can both laugh at the authority wants to marry against their wishes, and see their businesses successful. Each character oscillates between the sham and the secret, The Miser is a piece that allows those who see Molière a moralist and those who see it as a playwright inspired to reconcile. Only the comedy, in fact, can give the game masks any subversive power, but only the truth of desire becoming truth of all allows the moral legitimately win.
Conclusion
The Miser is a kind of warning. It defends itself often not to be greedy, and treat each other miser. And rightly due to Molière say for a simple definition that claims to keep his money to justify is not stingy. Still, a degree of greed is a disease. Fortunately for Scrooge, this disease has not killed because it's drama and comedy, so the death may be the outcome. What would in real life? Do we keep our money forever? For whom do we care? Will there be time to eat anything you care if this is of course our goal? These questions are implicit in the room. Meditate on it! Appendix:
Some quotes from the piece:
"Without dowry! The means to resist a reason like that? (Valere, Act I, Scene V)
"Giving is a word that has such an aversion, he never says:" I give you "but" I'll lend you a good morning. " "(La Fleche, Act II, Scene IV)
" When there is food for eight, there are many for ten. "(Scrooge to Master Jacques, Act III, Scene I)
" We must eat to live not live to eat. "(Valerius" supporting Scrooge, Act III, Scene I)
"Alas, my poor money, my poor money, my dear friend I was deprived you, and because thou art removed, I lost my support, my consolation, my joy is all over for me, and I've only done the world! Without you, I can not live. "(Scrooge, Act IV, Scene 7)
" It's a natural to be too hard as to have no pity for his neighbor. "(Master Jacques, Act III, Scene 1)
" "Giving" is a word to which he has such an aversion, he never says: "I give you" but "I'll lend you a good morning." (The arrow that says to Scrooge, Act II, Scene 4).
"Who feels snotty to fly." (Speaking to Scrooge Frosine indirectly act I, Scene 3)
"What is that, sixty years? It is the prime of life and you are now entering the season. "(Frosine mocking Scrooge, Act II, Scene 5)
Vocabulary difficult
A avaricious: a person especially sordid avarice
A steward : person responsible for managing the affairs and property of anyone here manages those of Valere Scrooge. The dot
: Property or money that a woman or a man brings upon marriage. It is the woman who gives it here. A broker
: someone whose job is to serve as intermediary in commercial or financial transactions. A
wear : practice of lending money at an interest rate exceeding that permitted by law or that generally charged. A Bluestem
: comedy character embodying an old man who disturbs the projects of young heroes.
Chastise : Correct.
A avaricious: a person especially sordid avarice
A steward : person responsible for managing the affairs and property of anyone here manages those of Valere Scrooge. The dot
: Property or money that a woman or a man brings upon marriage. It is the woman who gives it here. A broker
: someone whose job is to serve as intermediary in commercial or financial transactions. A
wear : practice of lending money at an interest rate exceeding that permitted by law or that generally charged. A Bluestem
: comedy character embodying an old man who disturbs the projects of young heroes.
Chastise : Correct.
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