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Sold Out!

A warm thank you to everyone who went to the bookstore Artazart to get a box of Screen of Ires . It's crazy, there are already more! :]

I hope you have enjoyed the books, please leave your comments here or on the website other authors to give us your impressions.

We will shortly drop in new versions, each customized by designers, as was the case here in Vero ( Surprise inside). But we do not have much, we plan to reprint further in September.

Rendezvous in a few days then, for those who have not had the chance to have their ...

NB: For those not living in Paris ... It is likely that the following versions are also distributed by mail, but ... not right away.

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Scream of Ires

I updated my site (which for the occasion has been to add a new category " Issue") to present the collection of the Screen Ires recently published in the Great Tree, an adventure of self-publishing company that I have with Maya .

I already talked about recently before going to Rome to present the project with her, you can now buy the case or single copies at the bookstore Artazart , in the tenth district!

Reception at Rome was good, the festival as magical as last year. It was really exciting to present the work of each, discuss and to have the opinions of people there. There may even be more surprises soon, I'll keep you posted!

For now, if you want more information about the collection and their authors, visit the website !

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The Exile of test



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Farewell Spring

Where are you my pain
mermaid sitting on our empire queen
you'll stay Even just close distant
A thorn that I love and who loved me one day
Morning
your song does not reach me The more
factor in silence looking for a missing letter
one that loved me enough
fell silent when they still feel the flowers faded haunt us

Our laughter still echo
hiccups which are lost in these sinister ballads
Flee my castle ruins
Love is after us like a sick bird
And always a word that always dies too soon

Ah love suffer delicate
You open our arms like a lily's petals Calyx
drunk death falls
Overpower bitter romance to death
Friendly bee mite come pay

This hand against me only yesterday I wanted was a
update this fatal act
This hand my heart and my body went suddenly dominated
vertical
This hand I loved me lost forever

This hand-colored body but this summer
Who gave me her treasures flavors ulterior
Never mind the masses and amber
No longer shiver in every limb
OF love my coffers are empty and my land torn

call combines the words their old sense of yesterday
voices fade but it is silent
eyes no longer have the same attraction
Heart a forest that gnaws desert land

We were talking about before
one before or since grown hawthorns
Walking the evening takes military tunes
We know yet conquered
We are trying to delay the phoney war
Who in the trenches dug impatient and tramples

The tragedy comes tears arms lifted
In the last act masks fall
eyes are quiet like bombs The memories have
clothes shipwrecked

Time is more than hell here
Farewell spring came hatred

❧ ❧

Just returned from Burundi, I begin Rome for a few days with Maya where we are invited to the festival Crack! Forte Perenestino to be held from June 18 to 21

We will present the latest issue of Big Trees , Scream of Ires, a collection that brings together seven designers and myself on the theme of eroticism. I will talk more about our return.

Occasionally, I take this opportunity to announce the opening of my website ..

you soon!

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Pillow herbs

I am currently reading the amazing Pillow herbs of Natsume Soseki, poetic novel he describes himself as a "novel-haiku". I had not been touched by I am a cat that criticism yet extols and that is supposed to be his major work, I found the writing turgid and quite a bit kitschy, but probably was is rather due to a horrible translation.

It is excellent here. Making it invisible artifice, it cancels the distance between languages, eras and cultures. A painter retired to a mountain lodge to paint and think about his art, the act of creation. We follow him as if he was quite possible that in turn passes this hostel soon, although it is actually in the early twentieth century.

"Recognizing the uniqueness of his work, the author wrote:" If this haiku novel (the term is admittedly weird) is possible, it will open new horizons in the literature. It does not seem to me that this type of novel has ever existed in the West. In any case, there never was such in Japan. "

And it's true that I rarely have read reflections on aesthetics and the vague feeling that born during the act of creation in a manner so clever, sensitive and poetic ...

is firstly a novel because it follows a painter in his retirement, but a novel that refuses to enter into the "psychology of the characters" traditional and rather portrays the changing curves, like the polymorphic images of a poem.

Characters are not the product descriptions of an omniscient narrator who analyze the intimacy of being to justify its outward appearance, but rather the opposite: the painter describes the objects and people he meets in the manner of a table, and the strength of his gaze as he arrives to penetrate to touch it and extract the essence that characterizes them and giving us access to their interior, which proves beyond its subjectivity

"It's like a land subsidence had occurred in a area normally motionless and, subsequently, everything has moved around, but, realizing that the movement is contrary to its true nature, the earth is trying to regain its original form, yet without being able to regain its balance and carried by energy, continued to move against her until today, she finally, in desperation, by stirring Express, against all odds ... If such a situation existed, it would precisely describe this unknown.

Behind disdain, lies a landscape that expresses the desire to cling to someone at any cost. It smells a discreet discerning the merits of its mocking aspect. If she gave herself up to her talent and if she put hers, she would not hesitate to confront a hundred men, but in this energy, a sweet sensibility sprang to his knowledge. Yet this lack of unity face. Looks like the insight and misguidance coexist in quarreling. If the face of this woman lacks unity, it is proof that unity is absent from his heart and if the unit is absent from heart is that she is absent from the world of this woman. It is the face of someone being harassed by adversity, attempts to avert it. This must be an unhappy woman. "

And later, about the same woman, feigning innocence, which comes in the nude hot spring saturated steam where our fleet painter

" The steam fills the room, after full, keeps rebound. The lamp was broadcasting its shadow on the night of spring and iridescent air throughout the room that vibrated gently, at the bottom of these clouds is gradually emerging a pale face with dark hair seems blurred. Look at its edges.

Both sides of his neck pandering slightly inward and down these lines with a natural bent towards the shoulders and then using a soft round and took their momentum to divide perhaps five fingers. Free under her breasts and plump, the undulations withdrew for a moment before break, making peacefully abdomen revealed a smooth and firm. Tighter forms seems to continue to back and to where this movement is interrupted, the body and shared looks forward slightly to catch his balance. Resist bending his knees to his legs and when a long ripple reaches the ankles, feet peacefully resolve all conflicts with their soles flat on the ground. The world does not suit more complicated nor any other that is provided with such a unit. Nowhere else can you find more natural contour, more flexible, more obvious, less burdensome. (...)

This contour is gradually taking shape in her pallor. Just when I think that if it is still not, alas, the beloved fairy will fall in the world down here, her hair green because of the wind like the tail of a divine tortoise that cleaves the waves and floats like bent grass. In sharp white steam spinning, the white figure jumps on the steps. The shrill voice of a woman who laughs echoing in the hallway and slowly moving away, leaving the room to silence. I swallowed the cup and sat up suddenly. The waves hit the chest surprises me. Spring water is overflowing the lapping. "

But this novel is a treatise on style, a reflection on the aesthetics and the creative act, on Western art, such as the Soseki has apprehended while he was professor of English, and Japanese art that he found after going through a spiritual crisis during which he decided to return home.

The novel opens elsewhere on this page with great lucidity certainenement was matched only by the pain that gave it birth. The absence of sensitive causes underlying tear in the description of the feeling it gives the appearance of a precipitate of thought. Now universal, because stripped of his worldly circumstances, it is the first aesthetic bias of the book, while it stands as a rule of life:

"I was climbing a mountain trail, saying: to use his intelligence, it is unlikely to cut corners. To navigate the waters of sensitivity can cause you to take laisset. To impose its will, you end up feeling cramped. In short, it is not convenient to live on earth among us.

When the pain of living increases, you feel like you get settled in a peaceful place. Once you understand that it is difficult to live anywhere, then comes the poetry and painting happens.

The human world was created neither by gods nor demons. After all, these are ordinary people, like your immediate neighbors. While it is difficult to live in this human world that ordinary people have created, it should not exist in countries where settle. It remains only to visit men without a country. However, it must be harder to live without men in the country than in the human world.

Since it is difficult to live in this world that we can not leave, we must make even a little comfortable, so that life is ephemeral it liveable, not even for a fleeting period of time . It was then that expresses the vocation known poet, then it turns out that the mission of the painter. Every artist is valuable because it soothes the human world and enriches people's hearts. What

rid of any trouble this world, where it is difficult to live, and projects under your eyes a world of grace, poetry is painting. Or is music and sculpture. To be exact, it does not project the world. It's enough to ask her gaze directly. That's where poetry is born and that's where the song rises. Even if the idea is not written down, the sound echoes in the crystal heart. Even if the paint is not spread over the canvas, the brilliance of the colors reflected in the inner eye. Just look at the world where you live, and contain, with purity and clarity of the camera in mind, the world worldly, frivolous and chaotic. Therefore an anonymous poet who has not written a single line, an obscure painter who has not painted a single canvas, are happier than a millionaire, a prince, that all celebrities trivial, because the former do understand life can be abstracted from any concern are able to enter the world of purity, to build the unique and sweep the constraints of selfishness.

Having lived twenty years in this world, I realized it was worth it to live there. At twenty-five years I had the revelation that light and darkness were two sides of same coin and that wherever light is born, shadow falls on us. Today in thirty years, here's what I think: ... The deeper the joy, the deeper the melancholy greater the pleasure, the greater the suffering. If we want to separate them, it does not blow. If you want to discard it, is the world that falters. Money is important and things of importance, if they accumulate, we continue into our sleep. Love makes you happy, but when the happiness of love increases, there is the nostalgia of the past where we did not like yet. A statesman is on the shoulders of millions of men. It supports on the back the enormous weight of the world. We regret to miss the exquisite meal. If you taste just one is never satisfied. And if one eats to satiety, it has unpleasant overtones ... "I still

cite other passages, but I know it is inconvenient to read on a screen, and I myself prefer to quit now, let there anger electrical and return Silence of the pages, inviting you along the way, if you want to gain height on the course of everyday things and feel the wind in you extend the poetry, get yourself to walk inside this book original and powerful and let you get lost in the mountains, until you meet a lonely inn on the outside which smoking a melting pot ...

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Three and a half hours of walking in the mountains yesterday, with Aegis, Leonard, and Claude Oswald until Rwegura artificial lake, 20 kms from here, which feeds the hydroelectric power in the region , whose energy is consumed to Bujumbura.

Fortunately, the rain fell at km 20, a hundred yards of the houses REGIDESO technicians, who welcomed us. A few hours later, at the back of a pickup, in a rainstorm, we walked down the distance between us became incredibly Kayanza.

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After the international success of his father on the NHK the advent of next future black bomb R'n'B (I know ... it has nothing to do with R'n'B, but it's more Huntz Huntz , c 'is here ...), in all cities of France and Navarre, displayed on walls in big, beautiful eyes sea Thae!

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© photo: Marc Plantec / © styling: Julie Nivert

One feels a certain influence Japanese anyway ...

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Aragon or aesthetics in love with a poetic ideal interlude

On April 25, issue A life, a work , France Culture, was dedicated to Aragon. We could hear including Barbara Oliver, who has collected the complete works of Aragon in the collection of the Pleiades, also author of Memory and excess , a work that offers a rereading of his entire poetic oeuvre, beyond the ambiguities of character and myth that surrounds it, and Josiane Savigneau, which is currently drafting a biography of Aragon, to be published by Gallimard in late 2010.

I was wondering why there is still no recent biography of a man of such magnitude that Aragon in his life and his work. There are good one, Pierre Daix, friend of the writer Communist and himself, published in the lifetime of Aragon in 1975, without his complicity, and then revised in 1994. However, while this biography was written by a close associate of Aragon - from 1948 to 1972 - and the second edition benefits from comments he made on the first, it is not unanimous. It was time for a fresh look comes complete it. This is what is difficult, being made.

For want of an accurate trace the life of Aragon is willingness to defy the impossible. The man's lie- true, the man behind a thousand faces so many masks, the young man in the Great War, the romantic poet in revolt surreal post-war, the dandy seductive, passionate love of Elsa, the provocateur, the troubadour of the myth of constant Elsa the man the desire to tear and seeking other men to plumb its depths, the politician, the Communist vilipendeur the traitors at the end of the Second War, the poet-resistant, journalist, critic the lucid mind of its time or rather the man chained to his total loyalty to the party, man, finally, simply, through his time in his life, marked with bright and several times on the same scars from the deep anguish of history, sadly like a door turns on its hinges to open the passage of the nineteenth century to modern France, Aragon is all those and none at the time. It would be true of Victor Hugo, in the previous century, but Aragon is our time, what troubles me and fascinates me even more. Its song is a variation of the echo of the protean world in which we live, forever and ever modern in some aspects of which are embodied in a century to resonate well beyond.

I cite Hugo, of course it intentionally. I am referring Here again the richness of character, the poet, novelist, politician, but not only. The poetry of Hugo has renewed his age, it is the voice of classic romanticism present, which also have given the surreal light. Aragon says this about it not in talks with Francis Cremieux in 1963:

"What was the merit of surrealism is to have arrived at some point polemic discussion that took place At that time, and which bore the name of Dada, a controversial point of negating its activity, having proclaimed the broad field of poetry in the past as in the present, have brought light on these areas, pointing the spotlight on new works and men who risked sinking into oblivion, neglect, misunderstanding, ignorance. You know, we were in a time when Rimbaud was entitled, in the book where the punt was being prepared, that is to say the Lansson in a note to a note. (...) But what we gave up to Rimbaud, Jarry or Lautreamont? Instead of eccentrics, and that's it. Hugo was not a poet for the people. Is what we know is that it is surreal that have given the light on Hugo? (...) Our action was to keep things to happen in the old thing poetic youth to make the old thing poetic. In a sense, surrealism was a special elixir of youth for the elements of poetry. "Poetry

Aragon has also renewed his century and created a modern romance. The birth of her poetic voice in Creve Coeur in the forties, and as it grows when in other collections, after five years when she was silent, in fact marks, through the return chant of the poet in war-torn France, the renaissance a modern French romance whose roots extend beyond Victor Hugo to the Middle Ages and the twelfth-century courtly love.

That is the characteristic of genius from somewhere that tries to visualize Aragon, each party who created the universe is so large that it seems to be sufficient in itself, but who nevertheless have real meaning in what connects them to each other.

himself and explained:

"This is the life of a man, finally ... one likes, provided it is taken as a whole. Perhaps more so I suffered in my life as my contemporaries What had to oppose this part of my life to another. I have not changed much in my life, but finally, I do not think at sixty what I thought to ten or even what I thought at twenty-eight. And for this reason, throughout my life, I was opposed texts I signed in my youth, texts that I do not disavow, they were the expression, I think honestly, the development of my thinking . "Take

novelist or poet take a whole life can be too little to plumb the riches. Despite the boats, rigs, submarines, sea still retains its deepest secrets. Aragon in his work is one of them, beyond controversy, a huge poetic and thus guard around the light it receives upon itself a larger share of mystery.

It also includes a man and as complex, with each aspect separately could make the lives of many others, has aroused so much controversy during his lifetime and today, whatever that we may say, the man still disturbing. Because we live in an era that distrusts geniuses, too expensive to understand, too big, too attended various summits in history and, again, differently, too thin, perhaps, simply. We need artists du moment , une écriture courte, rapide, ramassée, qui parle au milieu du bruit, qui parle même quand on n'a pas le temps, qui parle comme soi-même on s'entend ; une écriture qui adopte le parler du temps et qui change avec lui. Alors on garde d'Aragon ce que le temps justement, dans sa constance, nous oblige à ne pouvoir ignorer : les poèmes qui résonnent dans les chansons et deux ou trois facettes facilement opposables : le surréaliste, le poète à Elsa, l'écrivain réaliste ou le communiste farouche.

L’émission de France culture en a retenu deux : le poète amoureux d’Elsa et le communiste. Bien que la qualité des propos tenus by stakeholders to make this issue an interesting introduction to who knows neither the man nor his work, an hour is not enough to go after all the issues including that of fundamental importance in the lives of Aragon, that is his relationship with Elsa. He tells Francis Cremieux:

"Everything I've ever written has been looking for the answer posed by the happiness of man and woman, and for the people and for lovers. "The

poetic - and romance - Aragon is traversed by some expression of love and what from the earliest writings well before his meeting with Elsa in November 1928. If the start dealing with miracles abounding in love, desire everywhere as a reflection on each of the sensible world, often in a triangular vision undifferentiated male / female relationships ( The Adventures of Telemachus, the libertine, The Peasant Paris, La Defense of infinity, etc..) romanticism expressed gradually assert itself from the theme of courtly love revisited, in the forties. It is with the Creve Coeur Indeed, in 1941, which Elsa is primarily the dedicatee, but whose name appears for the first time in the last poem, I love you Elsa and especially Eyes d'Elsa, in 1942, which begins this Barbara Oliver rightly called "the assumption of Elsa and whose apotheosis will Le Fou d'Elsa in 1963. But what love is this here? The expression of love in Aragon has this deeply troubling that as he constructs the myth of Elsa, he erected statues of poems, he makes the ultimate symbol of the beloved , to make a substitute mystical divine and creator of man, his expression is always crossed by the heartbreak that is impossible to live this love, the pain of not living together, for "the impossibility of happiness in the common misfortune" as stated Aragon himself. Then he puts all his genius and his skill at creating the most beautiful images ever shown the disorder to be full of being loved, then these images actually exist today and meet to love living in the hearts of other men, the couple, in their daily life existed in less than ideal sung by the poet. Aragones has truly lived his feelings through the prism of writing, Elsa has long suffered from the gradual elevation to the rank of deified statue, which however was erected to his glory, there is something tragic running through the work of Aragon, but also his life, Barbara Oliver and summarizes quite right: "Ultimately, this sense of being an enigma, to be with someone who constantly escapes, Aragon says the suffering and Elsa lived. "Suffering that finds its expression the most painful in this letter written to her husband, Elsa, and state, so veiled in oblivion, or Blanche in 1967:

"It is not easy to talk to you, you seem forget that we live in the epilogue of our lives, then there will be nothing more to say, and the index even more will read it, not us. I accuse you of living for thirty-five years as if you had to run to extinguish a fire. In your race, it is important not to disturb you, or you anticipate nor the t'emboîter, nor follow you, regardless of structure. Both cut dry branches. It To advise is important not to do anything with you. Together , this latest venture is what I experienced more terribly sad. The pleasure of doing something normal all, you do not know. A harmless word about it and you start to explain the mountain of things you have to do. In short, nothing changed since the anti-colonial exhibition. However, it might be as urgent sometimes we "meet". It remains extremely short time, and you know better than anyone. My God! what I miss the serenity ... "

Yet I reserve some say, after Olivier Barbara that "the best guide in the couple's life or in the analysis of passion is perhaps more Elsa Triolet" Aragon. It said she was annoyed by this ideal position if the poetics of Aragon as to be disembodied, this figure itself that makes the shade up say there is nothing here of the life of the couple. We know very well that it is not. Even if the figure of Elsa is adorned with an aura of absolute daily life does not hold, where the poems elle figure n’en sont pas moins une tentative pour Aragon d’exprimer son amour pour et au-delà d’Elsa, mais en nourrissant l’absolu qu’il construit d’événements bien réels. Il en est ainsi de tous les poèmes où Elsa figure. Et il est de ce fait peut-être vain de chercher à démêler le vrai du faux, le construit du vécu, l’idéal de sa source ordinaire, car même si cet amour n’est vécu que dans le champ de son existence littéraire, il n’en est pas moins réel, du moins pour l’auteur. Elsa en donne la version quotidienne, la douleur d’un vécu plus réel, cette douleur qui témoigne de la distance croissante between the ideal and model, who eventually wants to silence the poem. I see this whole drama of the couple even beyond Aragon and Elsa. No one more than another is the best guide themselves themselves together, but they have maps on hand to say otherwise, additional cards of course, but the beneficiary will never be as the third party which meets to confront his own experience, never themselves. One can imagine that the rival eponymous poems has brought suffering and frustration for the real person, and that as it set itself up statue model was feared to disappear in his shadow, even more when the audience started to sing the praises and the criticism has begun to examine the foundations. And it is true that to some extent, Elsa existed for Aragon was above all that it built gradually from clay mixed with love and suffering. It took courage for this woman to exist outside of the shadow that she posed for the celebration of love with Elsa everywhere, but Oliver Barbara rightly reminds us that Elsa was not only the victim of this company Total love, but as its instigator.

What might be called the error of Aragon, had he been interested in finding ways of daily living his love, but which is not really, since this suffering and even the creation of a poetic ideal had his way, though real, live that love, not that mistake then, but at least the pain of giving flesh to the ideal or not finding enough in the person beloved, is precisely the fact that Elsa has made a totem, it becomes over its poetic rather than a being of flesh, but the abstraction of love itself, an ideal that becomes mystical Le Fou d'Elsa , in other words, a Virgin pure, but unattainable.

In his talks with Francis Cremieux, Aragon also evokes the issue before any aesthetic that is the figure of Elsa in Le Fou d'Elsa , but now also in the whole of his poetry. Elsa becomes "a philosophical conception of existence" and therefore even further away from the woman with whom he shares an apartment on Rue de Varennes:

"This is probably the main reason for writing the Fou d'Elsa . (...) I did not want it to be outdone in this regard, an explanation, how shall I say ... purely daily matter. Because for people, good, he speaks of his wife . It is a scandal for some, for others a touching thing, the question is not here. That is the outward appearance of things. But when I talk to Elsa and the reality of my life, it is certain that this is behind me, something else, not someone else, but anything other than the lyricism usual. This is related to a philosophical conception of existence and it is this design which is involved in the Fou d'Elsa and required a greater extent for me because I had to give this explanation opportunities to go back and inform differently for people who have not seen what the love poem, as we say in my past work. "

The problem, beyond Aragon is one of the" philosophical concept of existence "because in the end, all philosophy is only valid if is experienced ... Already in Lesson Ribérac , Treaty style accentuating the Eyes of Elsa , Aragon had sought to put forward the moral of courtly love, which puts the lover in the service of his lady, the cons fascism of the era that put the welfare of man above that of women. With Le Fou d'Elsa , Aragon goes much further however as it now gives to the idea of women as a more absolute meaning, inspired by the Sufi mystics of the fifteenth century. If it is still well above of man, the woman is now in its essence the very principle by which man is created. Speaking of mysticism in Aragon may seem paradoxical, yet he explained:

"We must agree on things that mean the words to begin with. Mysticism, to rely simply on Oxford Dictionary, is "the voice of divine perfection through contemplation," and we know that such can not be the voice of my poetry. However, looking at the Arab mystics typical expression of what unites, say, Le Fou d'Elsa , the mystical expression. One of the largest Arab mystic, Ibn Arabi, said: "One likes to be in fact none other than his creator. "This is something that can be understood in different ways. Personally, I know that I love, but I do not know my creator. To interpret, therefore, in a manner consistent with reality, the thought of Ibn Arabi, should we not reverse the proposal and say, 'Who am I created? This proposal is the mystical surrender to his feet. This is the definition of the role of the woman, explaining the attitude of Bishop, who, in Granada, is accused of idolatry. (...) This means for me, obviously, as the object of my love, is the principle by which I created, that is to say that I am becoming me, me and not another, me man, rather than the brute I was. "I agree

entirely on the idea expressed here of love as a mutual childbirth and finds its best illustration in the following verses:

This double mystery among
knowledge triumphant
My wife whom I am endlessly
the world who I am I put

also seduced by the idea it expresses the mystical and feminine essence spirituality, who joined in that expression that gave another great Indian mystic, Ramakrishna:

"Man is invested, the Sufi mystics of Islam, as the intermediary between the gasoline from which it emanates, which is a female, and the woman who comes to him. And whatever the first principle of creation, for the Sufis, even if it is God, God is here because it is a feminine The Cause. Thus, for Islam itself, at least among the mystics, the female principle is required for the origin of the world, the origin of man. It is therefore natural to say that he "Created man." "But I regret

he then gave to this principle that equates the woman to God the name of the woman he loves, because then Elsa refers to figures that will never be more congruent but still opposing

"The words addressed to God are addressed in these conditions, naturally, to the beloved. And as the Fool says: "There is no difference in prayer and song, '" if it is a reality principle precisely where the pain comes not live together. Aragon continues:

"[The Fool] turns what Muslims call their qibla, that is to say their prayers to the place where this woman. (...) As you know, the Muslim turns towards Mecca, Mecca is the qibla . Similarly, he, the bishop, turned to the place where this woman he speaks, in other words, Elsa. (...) The mystique has changed direction, she became poetry. What was the greatness of mysticism, we recognize the fact that it was the poetry turned to God, and I turned from poetry to a woman, I turn my qibla to Elsa. "Elsa is

thus become a totem, the door opening on a poetic ideal, retaining its now real for the five letters of his name. The culmination of the poetic beauty of Aragon is also one of the impossible access to the other, loneliness in marriage to Elsa who will say in his letter that went to one side other. The flaw in

Aragon escaping reality principle, ungraspable in favor of an aesthetic principle, I think, also the source of his bisexuality, on which there is no gloss finish. It would wrong to see the homosexual tendencies of Aragon at the end of his life, a kind of liberation after the death of Elsa to preserve intact the myth of being loved, because as John says Ristat, this trend has always accompanied Aragon; these temptations beside the existence of Elsa, Elsa knew them. However, once women become statue, goddess and finally, it becomes the same untouchable and homosexual desire may then be a way of life in the flesh that the aesthetic ideal can not. It is perhaps here that essentially the concept of desire is opposed to that love. The psychoanalytic explanation of homosexuality Aragon however, can not alone be satisfactory. Instead of homosexuality, we must speak of bisexuality in Aragon, because you can not question his love for women, and especially for Elsa, certainly idealized, but not only. Like Franck Merger, which in 2003 published an article entitled Surrealism and homosexuality: the position of Aragon in The Libertinage (1924) and The Defence of infinity (1923-1928) , I think his bisexuality was also involved with a place to Aragon. We found also echoed in his work. Barbara Olivier, this disorder is exposed in the poems, not in the original sense of what is said but at the pace. It focuses, however, the novels, in which the script reveals the homosexual theme more evident, and the ambivalence of sexual orgy as a quest for infinity. Homosexuality, not as an independent aesthetic posture, difficult to defend against the deification of the woman he built, but part of a wider reflection on desire, as arising So the orgy, which allows the differentiation of bodies of the absolute expression of desire in the dissolution of individuality, and its infinite, in other words, the pure principle of desire, beyond restrictions that love alone imposes.

I recommend reading this article whose work on hermeneutics texts he proposes to study illuminates the special issue of homosexuality at that time in life and in the implementation of Aragon.

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Albouri of Sheikh Aliou Ndao

Introduction

We can not address any play African Negro without a blink of an eye the birth of the African theater of writing anyway. The theater was born to William Ponty School Sébikotane. Said Bakary Traoré, students in this school who played improvisations thrilled the school principal. He decides that the theater is integrated into school activities, and are born of real parts of Africa. Since then masterpieces have emerged. These include: Tragedy of King Christophe of Aimé Césaire, The Lion and the Pearl Wole Soyinka, Chaka of Thomas Mofolo, etc.. The historical pieces are in the spotlight because they are more likely to rehabilitate black heroes and restore the historical truth. This field takes up the inevitable tragic play of Senegalese Cheikh Aliou Ndao The Exile Albouri that focuses on the famous decision to go into exile in Albouri Ahmadou Cheikhou Segou to make an alliance with him to fight the common enemy the French. After some historical background, we discuss the life and work of the author, then we will study the structure of the work, summarizing, characters, themes and drama of Sheikh Aliou Ndao.

I. Historical reminders

Birame Son of Penda, this man is from an old ruling family of Djoloff. Her genealogy we trace his grand-son Mansour Bouna Ndiaye , linking him to the famous Ndiadiane Ndiaye, the founder of the kingdom Djoloff. Contemporary Sundiata Keita, Ndiaye Ndiadiane ruled the Djoloff from 1200 to 1249. This is the famous Mansa Diolofin that had to fight the valiant Tiramakhan Taraoré on behalf of Mansa Mandingo, Makhan-Sundiata. Alboury Ndiaye, a direct descendant of this Djolofin Mansa, was a true prince, a strong nationalist and disinterested in his fierce and persistent resistance against the French intervention, did not distinguish the cause of Senegal to the Sudan, a country deeply Islamic Fighting for freedom in Africa.

For security reasons, Alboury was sent very young to the court of Damel Biram Ngone Latyr where he was raised along with the future Damel, Lat Dior Diop, a descendant of the pious and venerable Sakhéwar Fatma. And during many years Alboury was the constant companion, the faithful lieutenant of Lat Dior in which he shared the victories, defeats, the voluntary or forced exile.

Ahmadou Cheikhou in 1875 at the head of a major troop invaded Cayor. Lat Dior informed and shaped with Prince Alboury Ndiaye expedition and pursue fugitives into his native country, Djoloff, where he became recognized as the legitimate successor of Bourba Djoloff.

Alboury reign was fifteen years from 1875 to 1890. A year after his arrival, he sent M'Boumba , in Futa Toro near Boghé, an army commanded by his brother Alboury Penda, who returned victorious.

In 1886, the French broke the peace treaty, killed Lat Dior and claiming qu'Alboury had violated that treaty by refusing to send his son to a French school.

In exile Alboury left behind him a capital Yang Yang burned, crops burned and poisoned wells plugged or leaving nothing to the white invader Dodds. The latter retaliated by appointing like- Bourba Djoloff Alboury's own brother, Samba Laobe Penda, another ambitious, alongside young Damel Samba Fall Laobe , had prepared the famous battle of Guil.

As was later confirmed, see Alboury wanted to create a large Muslim empire in West Africa, under the Grand Alliance : Ahmadou Cheikhou Segou, Samori Toure of Oussoulou. Tiebas Traoré, Sikasso and Alboury Ndiaye Djoloff. It's certainly an idea that led him into exile forever walk eastward in search of independence and freedom.

II. Life and bibliography of the author

1. the life of the author

His real name Sidi Ahmed Sheikh Alioune Ndao, celebrates with Aliou Ndao Sheikh was born in 1933 near Bignona Karthiak. Son of a veterinarian, he followed his father throughout Senegal. He claims to be trained in the best school, the old men with their wisdom. He knows very well the traditions of his people, and especially the history of his people.

He spent part of his high school in Dakar and in France, then attended the University of Grenoble in France and Swansea in Britain. Former professor of English at the Ecole Normale William Ponty. He also taught in the United States in 1972 at De Pauw University in Greencastle (Indiana). He was also a cultural adviser to the President of the Republic Senegal.

2. Publications

His first collection of poems, Kairée published 1964 has won the Poets Senegalese French. It publishes also the collection Mogarienne in 1970.

His play, Exile of Albouri (1967) was staged in 1968 at the Theatre Daniel Sorano in Dakar, and was played on stages in Africa and Europe, including the Odeon (Paris) and in Belgium. Presented at the Pan African Cultural Festival in Algiers in 1969, she won first prize. Translated into English in the United States, this piece symbolizes the beginning of the historic theater in Senegal. It also identifies Isle of Baahili in 1975 The Case of Gold , The Son of Almamy , Decision , Blood for a throne or a Sunday Gouye Njuli . In 1983, it gives your Excellency wives. His new

The Marabout of drought published in 1979 is often studied in school curricula.

Partisan transcription of African languages, Ndao Sheikh is one of the few writers to have published a Senegalese novel in Wolof TILLEN Buur, King of the Medina which is now exhausted. The French version is an adaptation of the original. 30 years Later, he published in his native Wolof, his latest novel Mbaam Dictator , republished in French by Presence Africaine in 1997.

III. The structure of the work

The play is structured into nine (9) tables.

- The first table is opened on an opposition between benign and griot Beuk nek Samba. He must summon the people to the meeting under the palaver tree for the coronation of Prince Laobe Penda.

- The second table begins with the assembly of the king to deliberate on the decision of the governor broke the agreement with the kingdoms and raises his spahis against them. Before a heated discussion, the king closed the session. This table ends with a discussion between the King's sister, the queen Linguere Madjiguene Fal Seb who claims her role as wife, woman.

- The third table is the moment of a second meeting after the decision to go into exile Bourba Segu, and forming an alliance with him. Penda Laobe believes he must stay and die for the throne. Other Diarafs fall on its side, except Diaraf Slave. The Prince has already convinced some of the army.

- The fourth table shows the conspiracy Laobe Penda. He ordered his soldiers to kill Diaraf Slave who was spying.

- The fifth table is held in Queen Mother Linguere with Seb and Queen. The Queen mother tells her life in the court of her husband and the sacrifices she made.

- At the table in the sixth king, queen Seb into an intimate conversation with her husband. The king decides she will go to his brothers in Cayor, not to take part in exile. Samba comes up with the news of the treachery of Laobe Penda who comes to terms with the Governor and inform him he has to assassinate Diaraf Slave.

- In the seventh picture, we see the king's last meeting with the people who accept to follow rather than remain a slave.

- In the eighth picture, we find the king and his entourage in exile until his rear guard led by his Beuk nek. Samba take this call to tell him that the queen is the journey. She discovers the king and Queen Mother to ask forgiveness and make peace with Linguere. The arrival of Beuk nek closes this table.

- Table nine coincides with the end of the camp. Moment captured by Bourba to mention the difficulties that await the convoy, hunger, dangerous animals, climate hostile. The epilogue summarizes the tragic end of Albouri who will die in battle, and the dispersion of the people of Kano between Ndiandiane Ndiaye, Medina and Segou.

IV. The summary

The play opens with a festive atmosphere for the appointment of Prince Laobe Penda, whose courage and valor are known throughout the Djolof. Yang Yang's place is where the enthronement. This is when a warrior comes to announce the imminent invasion of the kingdom Djolof by the Governor who has just broken treaties he had signed. To cope with the threat, the king Albouri convene a meeting to allow the assembly to decide, but he was forced to suspend because of the spirits that heat. In head to head with his brother, Bourba it announces its decision to ally with the other kings against the army of the governor. Nothing but the decision to help the King of Segou, Ahmadou brought Laobe Penda in a huff, he opposes the decision of his brother. Indeed

Laobe Penda can not hide his indignation at what he considered unworthy of a leak Ndiandiane descendant. The Queen Mother Yay Mom and the Linguere Madjiguene do not share his opinion to flee, but they will eventually understand and accept exile. Before the dispute between his brother Bourba, Ardo of the Diaraf Thingue and Diaraf of Varhôh is on the side of Laobe Penda who think that honor will Ndiaye except resistance. Diaraf and slaves, loyal to the king, caught the spy is killed.

Laobe Penda will even convince some of the army to follow him, and he is sharing ammo between soldiers. When

where Albouri chatted with his wife Queen Fal Seb, the griot Samba comes to announce that Prince Laobe Penda has signed a pact with the governor. The King, still precipitated his departure approved by the people who preferred exile to slavery. And the king, worried at the beginning of the trip will go well aware that his wife is the journey to bring her moral support and even accepts reconciliation with Linguere and Queen Mother. Despite the happiness that animates it, the King made a speech full of sincerity on the adventurous journey. And as he feared his son Bouna will be removed and sent to School hostage to Ndar. King Albouri him die in battle, and the others scattered between Kano and Medina in Saudi Bambara kingdom.

V. Characters

King Albouri Ndiaye : He was born in 1842 in Thial. The playwright has to project a work of myth. Albouri or "Bourba" is King Djolof, Yang Yang and lives in its capital. It is presented as a courageous fighter, but as a wise king. He asked, calm as a good king. Also in times of crisis, he proposes to "think in peace "before making a decision. After a long stay in the Court Cayor, Albouri returns to his kingdom in 1875 and seized power, he took the title "Bourba. After the annexation of Cayor, the French find it embarrassing and hunt in 1890. In fact, in this plot, he question of his exile to preserve the honor of his lineage by avoiding the submission. He will join the troops of Ahmadou. He died far from home, to Niger.

Prince Laobe Penda : Like his brother, he is brave, and besides, he considers the battle as a duty, which earned him the rewards of his brother. Unlike his brother, Laobe Penda is spontaneous, impulsive and passionate. Stingy with words, he is a man of action. King knows him too well to say that he is "very careless sometimes" (p.55). And Diaraf of Thingue told him the same thing: "Too much rain, Laobe Penda" (p.58). So he held at all costs to fight for the protection of the throne. But against all odds, he will compromise with the Governor, in submitting.

The Linguere Madjiguene : She is the sister of King Albouri. It's a strong woman of character and a warrior.

Queen Seb Fall: She is a princess by birth. Albouri chose himself as the wife of Royal Court Cayor. She is very young, so it is capricious. But in fact it only right to claim his woman, woman to stay. For this reason, it refuses to be like her sister-Linguere Madjiguene.

The Queen Mother Yay Mom: This is the mother of Albouri. She is very understanding, especially vis-à-vis his son the king. She was with her late husband Biram a docile wife, exemplary.

Beuk Nek : He is the loyal right arm Bourba. It is part of the race of warriors. Besides he is going to lead the rearguard of the king and inflicted a defeat on the small army of Penda Laobe Sofas and the governor.

Samba : He is appointed by King Albouri griot. It embodies the religious syncretism, and do not hide it. Far from being hypocritical as it spits Beuk nek, it goes to someone who is not afraid to tell the truth. It need not be presented as it does: "But who dares to boast a quarter of my knowledge? 'Says he Beuk nek.

The Diaraf of Thingue : He governed the province of Thingue. This is another veteran of the army of the king. It is consulted by the king on the thorny issues of state. But he will side Laobe of Penda. He was killed by the battalion Beuk nek.

The Diaraf of Varhôh : He governs Varhôh, where is the cavalry of the army Djolof. As Diaraf of Thingue, it will support the Prince Laobe Penda.

Ardo : This is a Fulani warrior chief. Very lucid to understand Bourba, but he will side with the Prince.

Diaraf The Slave : This is the only one to support the king Albouri and up the pay of his life in serving as a spy.

VI. Themes

1. Treason

This theme is very present in the text. First, by declaring that they obey the finger and the eye Bourba, The Diarafs of Thingue and Varhôh Ardo and did not hesitate to abandon it, especially because Laobe Penda had mobilized the army to besiege the meeting. And they met at the Prince's knowledge Bourba of, what in fact the Diaraf Slave discovered.

Then, not content with being opposed to his brother, claiming the defense of honor, Laobe Penda did not hesitate to betray the people by accepting the protectorate of the governor.

On the other hand, the governor was the first traitor because, having signed a treaty, it breaks it without notifying co-signers, but he also attacked by surprise.

2. Honor

Honor or "jom" Senegal has always been the reason of life of kings. In the Court Djolof, honor was the cement, the strength of the people. Ardo and say: "I shall act for the happiness of our land: my honor is at the end of my spear" (p.58). And even Laobe Penda is moved by the honor for being the great fighter he is. In addition he proposed to his brother Djolof defend to the death. The opinion of Queen Mother was the same (see page 37). On the other hand, banishment Albouri is proposed by the honor. His vision is guided by the hello, and foresight led him to think of a way to save the people while maintaining the dignity of Djolof intact. He said himself, to convince his mother to the necessity of exile 'in Segou, men refuse to kowtow / Fight or die, not serve "(p.37). That honor by the queen Seb override the decision of her husband Albouri to make the trip. One way for her to keep her honor and worthy of its name: "Am I worthy of you staying at Yang Yang at such a moment? "She says (p. 84). She defends her honor by claiming she is the wife of the king not a slave (p.63).

3. Exile

Exile in the sense of Albouri, is a leak or a drain, but rather a way to attack back, and especially a way to search for alliers to face the firepower of the army of the governor. Finally for the people, the exile was the only way to stay fit and save. Also the last meeting held by the king is punctuated by the slogan of the people: "The exile rather than slavery" (seventh table pp.80-81). The real reason for the exile appears and on page 89 when the king Albouri addresses the people that followed is that he says "the enemy's boots will not work on our corpses."

4. The role of women

Through most conversations, there is a will of the playwright to show the different roles women occupy in the life of the Court, in life itself Djolof. The wife of the home is mostly implicit here, with the incessant demands of the queen Her conversation with Seb Linguere reveals the love of this woman to her husband, waiting to express her love: "Oh see my breasts that bud! Every night only to turn around in bed, eyes open. "(P.40) and adds it to the place of her sister:" I am a woman before being Queen. . It wants to have at least one child and live or motherhood: "A child! Albouri a child: "(p.74). To say that the woman whatever the situation, it plays a role alongside her husband. Also women are true warriors sometimes the image of Linguere. And Queen Seb does not say the contrary, even somewhere if it disagrees with Linguere Madjiguene: "My duty tells me to follow you," she said to the King. (P.71).

5. Courage

Courage is present in all subjects Djolof. And we do not wonder if Queen Mother Albouri meets his son: "Exile to where? No son, no! Die in your capital, in the midst of your subjects. "(P.37). Do remember she not courage for his son on page 36: "I remember the day when while you were out of town, we were besieged by the conqueror Toucouleur Bara and King Baol. That day, I thanked the Lord for having a son like you. Upon your return you killed the Toucouleur while the other fled. "

VII. The dramaturgy of Sheikh Aliou Ndao

1. Historical truth and myth

"My goal is to assist in the creation of myths that galvanize the people and carry forward. "Says the playwright in his prologue. It is therefore understood his handling of the story he knows. And through the treatment he is subjected to the story we see how he helped immortalize the king Alboury. "We have the right to break the story if it is to make it beautiful children," wrote ... .. Cheikh Aliou Ndao just managed to restore historical truth in this piece using a dramatization that reflects the court life of the great conqueror Bourba Djolof. His way of being realistic has to make available the meaning of gestures, words and actions.

2. A poetic tragedy

Besides the flights of Samba, we note that the dramatist plays on meetings to create a genuinely African poetry, made by the repetition rate, incantations and lyrical exclamations. The text begins with a celebration of the sun by Samba. "O Sun, Breath of the Ox on the savannah! Here you smile, at the end of your wedding night with the moon Sun ... Oh, Breath of the Ox on the savannah! "(P.19)

Besides the words of King often and regularly interrupted by punctuations of the people, and highly skewed to resume scansions Senghor. "Immediately! Immediately! Leo O '/' Ndiaye! Ndiaye "/" immediately! Ndiaye O! . Also refrain from such people is found in the last scene thus: "Exile, exile rather than slavery! "/" The exile rather than slavery! "

Conclusion

An African tragedy, The Exile Albouri no longer presents itself because man is a noble hero, a king, a knight, as in Greek tragedy and more recently in the classical tragedies. Extraordinary thing is that the formal point of view, part of Sheikh Ndao Aliou has nothing to Western, but the values held by characters join strangely Western values Greco-Roman example. Political matters, honor, family, love, choices are crucial as much in common that can legitimize the African theater as a theater full. The successful author is that from 1967 to today, this piece continues to teach us things, participate in the pride of the black youth who can look through the character of Albouri. Let us remember that exile is chosen here a way to get closer to our ideal of one who marries one who is closest to us despite the differences that may exist between us. But also exile also means freedom, dignity retained. Victor Hugo's exile has said: "I remain proscribed , wishing to remain standing."

Sources: Internet: Article Bocar Cissé "Alboury NDIAYE LAST GREAT Bourbe Djolof" Journal Ethiopiques No. 19, July 1979

Thank You Note Wording For Diaper Pail

Changing the subject a little.

I spent a wonderful day last Sunday in sunny silence of my room at Muyange. It was the first time I was really alone, the first grouping IFADEM that ended yesterday. And casually, it is also good to be alone, to have a little time to go through all these events, past, present.

I read. I finished a book, which I'll probably here about what happened not far away. A dark light that does not enlighten least part of the context in which I live, but that the news tends to make less visible today. My

open daily in December 2007.

Aragon as well, and the manual Eyes of Elsa which allows to understand the context, again, in which the revival was born of his poetic writing and the birth of a national song, from The heartbreaking. The strength of the eponymous poem ... Night of Dunkirk, More beautiful than the tears, The Song Elsa and all the others, which are strung together a collection like so many cogs participants a new vision and a fighter.

Helen Martin listened as person who can sing Aragon, and his voice a Journal in which she retraces the journey of poetry in his singing to her.

I'm back down to earth. I reread my notes, my problem confronted with new data collected, removed what I had not the means to understand a few weeks ago and finished the paper on the first reunion for PJ Loiret.

I started writing a fun story, a project with Maya ..

Opening a written note to replay part of Calderon Life is a dream , I found some thoughts I had placed there one evening forgotten.

They took the form of a poem, I argue here, and I accompany the singing of Helen Martin, who has never left me.

Other minor things too, but I'm doing a site ... I give the address when it is completed.

Helen Martin sings Aragon

PLAYERS CARD

We are the dream images that run through us
Clouds of our desires and They die their ashes
ever before we are reborn and burn We
again before us is one that man inhabits
And that always filled the glasses
We are full of angry players drunk
Of Love and distress
ignorance and hypnosis
We rely on another when the overflow is raging
Not because we want to give or take something
But because we know nothing
contain storm And when the alarm comes from our hearts that resonate
We are does nothing more than desire shapes
A road

A path is where he will flourish
new dawn It's Love

Desire
One is the gardener of the nature of the other

Testicular Pain More Condition_symptoms

Small arrangements with friends

me back to town and my first love, Céprodilic.

strange contradiction phenomena of acclimatization ... It does really sense the change that is confronting the same again, at different intervals.

Back in Bujumbura, after two weeks in the mountains of Kayanza, has had the effect of reviving me, conversely, the timidity of the early days. Shyness when I mentioned already, in no uncertain who ventures to meet profit a new direction, but I fully realized now that I walk carefree through the streets day and night.

But as cities are mad when we leave the country! I have not spent a day here and already I want to find the variations of green hills, the smell of cows and chickens, calm and smiling Muyange the nuns ... And yet, maybe tomorrow already, the city would have made me the envelope of the city.

For now everything here is galling. The light from the sun offensive on steel, heat that feeds the asphalt heavy overflows odor, the urban landscape in perpetual motion and all these people, the world that puts being relentlessly. Horns that replaced the song of birds.

Life is too expensive in town, just 3 times more than up there. Of course, the value of things is relative, and "expensive" in itself is still cheaper than Paris. But comparing the price of bread in Burundi francs at a price of EUR rod is as absurd as to understand the reality here in terms of what it is there. Adapt, but also as achieving compliance with the value of things.

Even if success is necessarily more or less illusory, it must nevertheless be trying to get rid of an eye to adopt a new one, at least if we want to have any chance to understand something in a different reality.

And the relationship with money is to them.

I lived in India for a year, not driven by any of sacred pleasures of the Orient, but rather by the desire to see what lay behind the images d'Epinal. I returned several times to learn the music and speak the language, studied for three years until the INALCO license. All for daring to compare a new, not very bad, do not worry: the relationship with money here remember what it was there ... Damn, What comment! What do you want, you do not learn to play piano with the pedals ...

But I digress ... and talkative

I was saying ... money. Everyone needs money, and here as elsewhere, can be easily understood. Then everyone makes small services, each, for a fee. And knowledge are preferred. Which moves on a motorcycle-so, who sells his cow's milk in the morning the neighbor, who rents the services of its expert hand screwdriver and who knows when well handled in the event of a power outage, which rents the trunk of his taxi the bus or going downtown for shipments of onions. In short, the lack of decently paid work made all activities. I do not know if we found it in the end, it is certain that it is more likely , to use phraseology Rwandan likes adjectives.

Emphasis will therefore trade with friends, unlike Europe, where such transactions are not without a little embarrassment, is precisely because we have, ideally at all levels of society, security of an activity more or less pay, and that relative affluence allows the adage we do not charge friends . If your neighbor rings your home because his ceiling to toast on a Sunday, you do not make him pay the bulb. But here, if your bulb has burned out, your neighbor will suggest you replace it. And everyone will win!

We exchanged between the more knowledge you know you will recover its sub the next day ... It is a system that is both necessary and useful and which emphasizes the relationship between group members, each enjoying the other's skill. What made me think about it, the fact of not having thought exactly when I could have a favor to Joseph. A friend had just missed the last bus to Bujumbura and started looking to find a motorcycle taxi. That evening I told it to Joseph :

"And they paid how much?"
"15 or 20,000 I believe."
"Oh, if you asked me, I called my bike and I won 15,000 francs!"

Yep .. And everyone would have won, because the passenger is a friend Joseph and Joseph because the passenger is a friend ...

I had the feeling it has lost 15,000 francs this evening and I promised myself to be careful in the future.

The opportunity was not long ...

few days later I was talking to Anatole who had just organized the dinner for the week IFADEM trainers, who would not eat Muyange. He explained all the benefits there is to know how to cook:

"At home when I was young we had a groom. But my mother was modern and she learned to cook by myself saying it would serve me forever. And you see today! For example, the market, it costs an egg ... 200 FBU. And in a restaurant, an omelet, it costs ... 1000 ... C FBU ' Yet is not hard to make an omelet, and it is a winner! "

So when he suggested that I eat at school in the evening before going home, I did not hesitate!