Introduction
Socé Ousmane's novel, Karim is a work of a social nature, and it reflects the socio-cultural realities of Senegal. Therefore it can be classified in the category of novels of manners. He puts together highlight aspects of African culture, particularly those of the saints Louisians Senegal. This study will focus on the author, fiction, and specifically it will be offered a summary, a study of the structure and themes
I. Presentation of the author and the work
1. Biography
Ousmane Diop Socé was born in 1911 in Rufisque Senegal. He attended secondary school in Dakar and then attended school William Ponty. He entered the Veterinary School of Alfont in 1931. He was a member of the group of black students. Ousmane Socé then practiced his profession in Kayes, Sikasso, Mopti, Mali. He threw himself into politics in 1948. After independence, he was Ambassador of Senegal to the UN and Washington. After his retirement in 1968 he moved to Rufisque. He died October 26, 1973.
2. Bibliography The writings
Ousmane Socé are not quantity but quality. In fact it does a novel written as two: Karim he published in 1948 and Mirages of Paris in 1977. It will also provide a collection of stories: Tales black African in 1975.
II. Abstract
Karim Gueye was a young man of 22, who worked at a trading house having had its certificate of survey in French schools. He was bored at the office until he noticed among a group of girls, Marième aged 18, he decided to attend diligently true "samba-Linguere," with his friends Moussa, and Alioune Samba. The expenses of the girl began to ruin them because Karim into debt to be worthy of its nobility. However the emergence of a cousin Marième, Badara, with expenditures that could not support Karim and his "Staff", completed the defeat of the latter, however, after a narrow victory. But it was mainly the mother who Marième so decided, while her daughter's heart beat Karim. Karim true "samba-Linguere" So, do not digested the defeat, and decided to go to Dakar resigned from his post. With two of his friends, and Ibrahim Assane. Marième who attended the start sobbing.
In Dakar, the capital of West Africa at the time, Karim was not allowed Amadou his uncle, aunt Rokhaya and its cousins. The very next day, his uncle managed to find him work in the Senegalese company. In the third month, he resumed his habits and was going to see some Aminata Rufisque the weekend. Festivals and "lamb" after another, Karim spared at first, was ruined again, and it was a credit to his teacher Abdoulaye cousin to send money to his parents that he had received a letter of criticism and advice. He broke with Aminata and took hardly an orderly life. But shortly after, he succumbed to the charm of a Catholic, Marie Ndiaye. Because of his pride, he resigned from his job following an insulting remark of its director, and wipes the reproaches of his uncle, who left after searching in vain, he still found a temporary job as an accountant at the Costiera property. He gets a financial health and visit the cities of the region groundnut. He learns that Marie Ndiaye is pregnant by him, and he acknowledges paternity with honor and he proposes marriage. Abortive through the old methods, this marriage he tried to enter yet proved impossible incompatibility of religion, education and mentality. One day he fell ill with dysentery, but it's mostly nostalgia for Ndar. Converted, he spends his time reading the Quran and the poems of El Hadji Malic. He decides to return home following a letter from his friend, Babacar Ndiaye, who announced the celebration of the city. Upon his return, he regained Marième whom he married on a Friday and went to thank the Venerable Serigne Samba who had lavished prayers. The novel ended with the wedding night which confirmed the virginity Marième.
III. Structure of the work
structure Karim is closely related to the theme of travel. Ousmane Diop is Socé which marks a significant early African novels, the pace ternary compounds. The action of Karim is based on the technique of the trip. Three episodes are clearly defined: the first going to St. Louis, the second in Dakar and the third again in St. Louis. In St. Louis, where the first hero Karim flourishes in an enchanting traditional where all his dreams come true until he experienced a failure resounding in a love game where ostentatious gifts outweigh the sincerity of feelings. Then the second step, the adventures of the hero in Dakar, and Karim discovers this new horizon and has more knowledge of European civilization, and he gains more experience, especially in his life as a young boy. Finally the third phase shows the heroes homecoming in St. Louis, strong experience, succeed where it failed.
IV. Topics
The themes are many, and difficult to study them all. The lover and it's self-esteem, friendship, debauchery, labor, economics, colonization, kinship and kinship, honor, religion, city, wisdom, and celebration. Many themes in the novel we could propose to develop. However, see some
1. Religion
It is quite natural that the novel is crossed by various religions, particularly that which belongs to the Muslim hero. But we must also consider the present through traditional religion beliefs, superstitions, charms and so on. It may be noted the importance of the feast of Tabaski, time of fervor and celebration. (Chapter III). However it does remain that superstitions and that's why Karim and his friends have postponed their trip on Tuesday because they said her mother "is an unlucky day for distant trips. You expect it on Friday "(p.63). The Christian religion presents first in St. Louis by the Church of Lourdes, becomes more prevalent in Dakar with the debut of Marie Ndiaye in the hero's life. This will be invited to a feast and procession on a Sunday in Goree, an opportunity for the narrator to review the Catholic religion during Vespers and the Office of the priest. (Pp.110-111)
2. Senegalese wisdom
Proverbs are a means of expression peculiar to Africa, and the novel Karim is no exception to the rule, as this wisdom is present throughout the narrative. In the verbal jousting that opposes Karim to his rival, Badara, it means that he is a stranger to her cousin and "gane na Yomba mougnal" translate as "it is easy to support a host." Karim and tell the location of this wisdom Marième Barma Kothe: "Love the girl, but you not trust it "(p.52).
When Aminata, the girlfriend of Rufisque Karim wrote him, she said: "pitieu Ngui thi kow Karab, Wanda khélama nga thi suffering" (p.98). Karim, do not hesitate because of proverb says "kou bou dem thi deuk nieup di bene Féthi tank, Fethi Ben nga tank" (103). This idea also allowed to Karim to regroup and adopt a consistent behavior in the middle, so signs of maturation.
3. Metropolitan life
Whether in St. Louis to Dakar, life is characterized by a mixture of cultures and traditional Senegalese West. However the capital is much more modernized, with streets to William Ponty place Protest; cars of different brands, French "Renault" and "Citroen", Italian "Fiat" American "Chrysler" and "Ford". This user must add clothing to the European blacks in European costumes. The population is cosmopolitan in Marseilles Ave, New York, English, German, etc.. In moral terms, the Senegalese social is at its worst, the father of Karim puts it cautioned his son against the temptations of that city: "Dakar is a city where one turns easily to evil "(64).
4. Day
The novel is the beginning to the end punctuated by the party. It seems that every day is a feast for Karim. The omnipresence of "dial", or griot, justifies this idea. It adds the Muslim religious holiday "Tabaski" and "procession" Catholic, the celebration of French independence civil July 14, excluding holidays secular wrestling with "tom-tom, and finally wedding feast that ends the story.
VI. Meaning of the work
study the composition of this work may help lead to the discovery of the scope thereof, by seizing the key dimensions of aesthetic that runs through the narrative.
addition dating from 1935, the novel Karim was largely a sort of gradual revelation of character and psychological development of important characters. The character development is done both in time and in space. Thus, through a changing society, it seems imperative that people, whatever their deeply rooted in tradition, must adapt to changes caused by the West. That why the novel is presented as an evocation of memories by celebrating the cultural values of nobility, honor, love and self-esteem, and pride. In reality, the novelist has combined imagined facts in order to extract rules psychological: the idea of observation to illustrate with an example with any character. Then the novel spreads naturally places, people and things that belong to a definite past, that of Senegal. Karim's character is a way to relive the past.
Conclusion
Ultimately, it is clear that there was in the spirit of Ousmane Diop Socé when he designed his text, a view no doubt of the composition. The novelist was thus a forerunner in this respect. Beyond the aesthetics of composition, Karim joined ethics. The structure of initiation is only one facet of learning in African culture, and is found most often in stories, an area where the author of Mirages de Paris excels. Therefore, we can say that Ousmane Socé intentions were both educational and entertaining, who intentions characterize many African writings.
Socé Ousmane's novel, Karim is a work of a social nature, and it reflects the socio-cultural realities of Senegal. Therefore it can be classified in the category of novels of manners. He puts together highlight aspects of African culture, particularly those of the saints Louisians Senegal. This study will focus on the author, fiction, and specifically it will be offered a summary, a study of the structure and themes
I. Presentation of the author and the work
1. Biography
Ousmane Diop Socé was born in 1911 in Rufisque Senegal. He attended secondary school in Dakar and then attended school William Ponty. He entered the Veterinary School of Alfont in 1931. He was a member of the group of black students. Ousmane Socé then practiced his profession in Kayes, Sikasso, Mopti, Mali. He threw himself into politics in 1948. After independence, he was Ambassador of Senegal to the UN and Washington. After his retirement in 1968 he moved to Rufisque. He died October 26, 1973.
2. Bibliography The writings
Ousmane Socé are not quantity but quality. In fact it does a novel written as two: Karim he published in 1948 and Mirages of Paris in 1977. It will also provide a collection of stories: Tales black African in 1975.
II. Abstract
Karim Gueye was a young man of 22, who worked at a trading house having had its certificate of survey in French schools. He was bored at the office until he noticed among a group of girls, Marième aged 18, he decided to attend diligently true "samba-Linguere," with his friends Moussa, and Alioune Samba. The expenses of the girl began to ruin them because Karim into debt to be worthy of its nobility. However the emergence of a cousin Marième, Badara, with expenditures that could not support Karim and his "Staff", completed the defeat of the latter, however, after a narrow victory. But it was mainly the mother who Marième so decided, while her daughter's heart beat Karim. Karim true "samba-Linguere" So, do not digested the defeat, and decided to go to Dakar resigned from his post. With two of his friends, and Ibrahim Assane. Marième who attended the start sobbing.
In Dakar, the capital of West Africa at the time, Karim was not allowed Amadou his uncle, aunt Rokhaya and its cousins. The very next day, his uncle managed to find him work in the Senegalese company. In the third month, he resumed his habits and was going to see some Aminata Rufisque the weekend. Festivals and "lamb" after another, Karim spared at first, was ruined again, and it was a credit to his teacher Abdoulaye cousin to send money to his parents that he had received a letter of criticism and advice. He broke with Aminata and took hardly an orderly life. But shortly after, he succumbed to the charm of a Catholic, Marie Ndiaye. Because of his pride, he resigned from his job following an insulting remark of its director, and wipes the reproaches of his uncle, who left after searching in vain, he still found a temporary job as an accountant at the Costiera property. He gets a financial health and visit the cities of the region groundnut. He learns that Marie Ndiaye is pregnant by him, and he acknowledges paternity with honor and he proposes marriage. Abortive through the old methods, this marriage he tried to enter yet proved impossible incompatibility of religion, education and mentality. One day he fell ill with dysentery, but it's mostly nostalgia for Ndar. Converted, he spends his time reading the Quran and the poems of El Hadji Malic. He decides to return home following a letter from his friend, Babacar Ndiaye, who announced the celebration of the city. Upon his return, he regained Marième whom he married on a Friday and went to thank the Venerable Serigne Samba who had lavished prayers. The novel ended with the wedding night which confirmed the virginity Marième.
III. Structure of the work
structure Karim is closely related to the theme of travel. Ousmane Diop is Socé which marks a significant early African novels, the pace ternary compounds. The action of Karim is based on the technique of the trip. Three episodes are clearly defined: the first going to St. Louis, the second in Dakar and the third again in St. Louis. In St. Louis, where the first hero Karim flourishes in an enchanting traditional where all his dreams come true until he experienced a failure resounding in a love game where ostentatious gifts outweigh the sincerity of feelings. Then the second step, the adventures of the hero in Dakar, and Karim discovers this new horizon and has more knowledge of European civilization, and he gains more experience, especially in his life as a young boy. Finally the third phase shows the heroes homecoming in St. Louis, strong experience, succeed where it failed.
IV. Topics
The themes are many, and difficult to study them all. The lover and it's self-esteem, friendship, debauchery, labor, economics, colonization, kinship and kinship, honor, religion, city, wisdom, and celebration. Many themes in the novel we could propose to develop. However, see some
1. Religion
It is quite natural that the novel is crossed by various religions, particularly that which belongs to the Muslim hero. But we must also consider the present through traditional religion beliefs, superstitions, charms and so on. It may be noted the importance of the feast of Tabaski, time of fervor and celebration. (Chapter III). However it does remain that superstitions and that's why Karim and his friends have postponed their trip on Tuesday because they said her mother "is an unlucky day for distant trips. You expect it on Friday "(p.63). The Christian religion presents first in St. Louis by the Church of Lourdes, becomes more prevalent in Dakar with the debut of Marie Ndiaye in the hero's life. This will be invited to a feast and procession on a Sunday in Goree, an opportunity for the narrator to review the Catholic religion during Vespers and the Office of the priest. (Pp.110-111)
2. Senegalese wisdom
Proverbs are a means of expression peculiar to Africa, and the novel Karim is no exception to the rule, as this wisdom is present throughout the narrative. In the verbal jousting that opposes Karim to his rival, Badara, it means that he is a stranger to her cousin and "gane na Yomba mougnal" translate as "it is easy to support a host." Karim and tell the location of this wisdom Marième Barma Kothe: "Love the girl, but you not trust it "(p.52).
When Aminata, the girlfriend of Rufisque Karim wrote him, she said: "pitieu Ngui thi kow Karab, Wanda khélama nga thi suffering" (p.98). Karim, do not hesitate because of proverb says "kou bou dem thi deuk nieup di bene Féthi tank, Fethi Ben nga tank" (103). This idea also allowed to Karim to regroup and adopt a consistent behavior in the middle, so signs of maturation.
3. Metropolitan life
Whether in St. Louis to Dakar, life is characterized by a mixture of cultures and traditional Senegalese West. However the capital is much more modernized, with streets to William Ponty place Protest; cars of different brands, French "Renault" and "Citroen", Italian "Fiat" American "Chrysler" and "Ford". This user must add clothing to the European blacks in European costumes. The population is cosmopolitan in Marseilles Ave, New York, English, German, etc.. In moral terms, the Senegalese social is at its worst, the father of Karim puts it cautioned his son against the temptations of that city: "Dakar is a city where one turns easily to evil "(64).
4. Day
The novel is the beginning to the end punctuated by the party. It seems that every day is a feast for Karim. The omnipresence of "dial", or griot, justifies this idea. It adds the Muslim religious holiday "Tabaski" and "procession" Catholic, the celebration of French independence civil July 14, excluding holidays secular wrestling with "tom-tom, and finally wedding feast that ends the story.
VI. Meaning of the work
study the composition of this work may help lead to the discovery of the scope thereof, by seizing the key dimensions of aesthetic that runs through the narrative.
addition dating from 1935, the novel Karim was largely a sort of gradual revelation of character and psychological development of important characters. The character development is done both in time and in space. Thus, through a changing society, it seems imperative that people, whatever their deeply rooted in tradition, must adapt to changes caused by the West. That why the novel is presented as an evocation of memories by celebrating the cultural values of nobility, honor, love and self-esteem, and pride. In reality, the novelist has combined imagined facts in order to extract rules psychological: the idea of observation to illustrate with an example with any character. Then the novel spreads naturally places, people and things that belong to a definite past, that of Senegal. Karim's character is a way to relive the past.
Conclusion
Ultimately, it is clear that there was in the spirit of Ousmane Diop Socé when he designed his text, a view no doubt of the composition. The novelist was thus a forerunner in this respect. Beyond the aesthetics of composition, Karim joined ethics. The structure of initiation is only one facet of learning in African culture, and is found most often in stories, an area where the author of Mirages de Paris excels. Therefore, we can say that Ousmane Socé intentions were both educational and entertaining, who intentions characterize many African writings.
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