Introduction This study aims to propose a reading of L'Etranger by Albert Camus is an interpretation of various symbols which he seeks to represent his philosophical system or precisely that it implements in The Myth of Sisyphus . It is not superfluous to recall that The Stranger as a formal image of Sisyphus myth. If in this last book he attempts to give clear awareness of the concept of absurdity In the first, it is "revealing" absurdity of the world, creating the sense of the absurd in order to provoke a reaction in his presence, a state of mind that term by means of revolt. Compared to these twin objectives, he puts his talents to contribute novelist (technical), narrative and stylist (technician) language.
I-BIOGRAPHY AND BIBLIOGRAPHY
1 -
biography Albert Camus was born November 7, 1913, in Mondovi near Bone (now Annaba) in Algeria of a worker father and a mother illiterate. The ferry got into it 1930 allowed him to enter Hypokhâgne (Sorbonne) in superscript. He earned a GED (graduate) in philosophy, but can not attend due to aggregation of tuberculosis. He first fought the fascist party and the Communist Party. His first book The obverse and reverse appears in 1937 and he won the Nobel Prize for Literature November 17, 1957 and died January 4, 1960 in a car accident with his friend Michel Gallimard editor.
2. Bibliography
Albert Camus was born November 7, 1913 in Algeria a Alsatian-born father and a mother of English origin. The family is of modest means. He is the couple's second child: he has a brother, Lucien, older than 4 years. His father was mobilized in September 1914. Wounded in the Battle of the Marne, he died at Saint-Brieuc 17 October 1914. Camus did not know her father. From the mobilization of her husband, Catherine and her two children will live with his mother in Algiers, in the popular district of Belcourt. Albert and Lucien will be more educated by their grandmother, a notable woman, by their mother, who abdicated any responsibility because of its near-deafness and difficulty in parler.A school, his teacher, Louis Germain, pushes him to take the competitive grants, so it will continue its studies in high school and college. He keeps such a recognition that he wrote in 1957 when he receives the Nobel Prize for Literature. Journalist, writer passionate about theater, it marks the French cultural life from 1936 to 1960.Comme all the French in Algeria, he is traumatized by the war in Algeria that he will not see the tragedy. On January 4, 1960, he was killed in a car accident.
II-WORK
1-Camus The philosophy of Camus
"The sense of absurdity at the corner of any street can hit in the face of any man." According to Camus, the company is worthless and makes man live in the mechanical repetition of everyday activities that lead inevitably to death. Hence, it is not the world that is absurd in itself, but the relationship that man relationship with him so why live? The absurd is illustrated in Caligula (1945), The Stranger (1942), The Myth of Sisyphus . If Camus accepts that life has no meaning, though he refuses to resign. That is to say, suicide and nihilism. He also rejected the revolutionary action which he said led to oppression and crime. He advocated instead the double requirement of clarity and authenticity. In behavior, he calls the fight and action and asked to find a reason to live in the exercise of solidarity
2 - Writing
Camus Camus uses the technique often behaviourist (set of processes to describe the behavior)
There is also a lyrical expression of nature, sea and sun. It mixes pastiche and demystification to ridicule justice, morality and conventional administration.
III-ANALYSIS OF WORK
1-Camus talks about Abroad
He wrote in 1955 in the preface to the American edition. "I summarized the Abroad long ago with a phrase which I recognize paradoxical. "In our society any man who does not cry at the funeral of his mother may be sentenced to death. I only meant that the hero of the book is condemned because he does not play the game. " In this sense it is alien to the society where he lives, he roams the sidelines in the suburbs of privacy, lonely, sensual and that is why players were trying to look like a wreck. We will, however, a more accurate idea of the character more in line anyway insertions of the author if you wonder why Meursault does not play the game the answer is simple, it refuses to lie. Lie not only say what is not. It is also especially say more than that is. And as regards the human heart, saying more than we feel it. That's what we do every day to simply life. Meursault, contrary to appearances does not make life easier, he says what he is, he refuses to hide his feelings and immediately society feels threatened.
2. Structure of the novel
The novel is structured in two parts. The first opens with the death of the mother from Meursault, and evokes the attitude of the character, his relationship with Mary and the murder of Arabic. The second part opens with an imprisonment of the hero and talks about his trial in which it has insisted instead on his insensitivity and his "heart of the criminal."
Meursault is sentenced to death and his rebellion against religious and judicial institutions, it rejects its authority through its execution and waits lucidly.
3. The summary
The narrator, Meursault, a clerk in Algiers, learns that his mother died in an asylum. He will be buried without tears, and under a blazing sun, which only increases his desire to end the ceremony. Back in Algiers, he will swim and found a former colleague, Mary. They will see a funny movie in the cinema, and she becomes his mistress. One evening, Meursault meets Salamano, neighbor, and is invited by Raymond, another neighbor. The latter, a former boxer, he recounts his battle with the brother of his mistress, and asked him to write a letter that will serve her revenge. A few days later, Raymond is fighting with his mistress and the police intervened. Meursault agrees to accompany him to the police.
Invited by Raymond to spend a Sunday at the seaside in the shed of a friend, Masson, Meursault goes there with Mary. After the meal, the men walk on the beach and meet two Arabs, whose brother Raymond's mistress. They fight and Raymond is injured. Back to the cell, Meursault tempers and takes his gun, to save him killing. Left alone on the beach, he meets by chance the brother who takes out a knife. Stunned by the weight of the sun, it tightens on the revolver and the gun goes off alone, but Meursault takes four shots to the body inert.
Meursault is imprisoned. The instruction will last eleven months. He shows no regret when questioned by the judge, no penalty when his lawyer asked about the feelings that bound him to his mother. The memory, sleep and reading an old piece of paper he can get used to his condition. Mary visits less frequent.
The trial begins with the summer. The questioning of witnesses by the prosecutor shows that Meursault did not cry at the funeral of his mother, he amused himself with Mary the next day and he gave a testimony of convenience in favor of Raymond, who turns out to be a pimp. The testimony favorable Salamano Masson and are barely heard. The prosecutor argues the heinous crime, run by a man at the heart of criminal and insensitive, and demanded the head of the accused. The lawyer pleads provocation and praises the moral qualities of Meursault, but it no longer listens. The president, after a long wait, announces the death sentence of the accused.
In his cell, Meursault thinks about its implementation, and its appeal to Mary, who wrote to him more. The chaplain visits him, despite his refusal to meet him. Meursault is furious against his words, reacts violently and insult. After his departure, he calms down, realizes that he is happy and hope to feel less alone, that his execution will take place before a large crowd and hostile.
Invited by Raymond to spend a Sunday at the seaside in the shed of a friend, Masson, Meursault goes there with Mary. After the meal, the men walk on the beach and meet two Arabs, whose brother Raymond's mistress. They fight and Raymond is injured. Back to the cell, Meursault tempers and takes his gun, to save him killing. Left alone on the beach, he meets by chance the brother who takes out a knife. Stunned by the weight of the sun, it tightens on the revolver and the gun goes off alone, but Meursault takes four shots to the body inert.
Meursault is imprisoned. The instruction will last eleven months. He shows no regret when questioned by the judge, no penalty when his lawyer asked about the feelings that bound him to his mother. The memory, sleep and reading an old piece of paper he can get used to his condition. Mary visits less frequent.
The trial begins with the summer. The questioning of witnesses by the prosecutor shows that Meursault did not cry at the funeral of his mother, he amused himself with Mary the next day and he gave a testimony of convenience in favor of Raymond, who turns out to be a pimp. The testimony favorable Salamano Masson and are barely heard. The prosecutor argues the heinous crime, run by a man at the heart of criminal and insensitive, and demanded the head of the accused. The lawyer pleads provocation and praises the moral qualities of Meursault, but it no longer listens. The president, after a long wait, announces the death sentence of the accused.
In his cell, Meursault thinks about its implementation, and its appeal to Mary, who wrote to him more. The chaplain visits him, despite his refusal to meet him. Meursault is furious against his words, reacts violently and insult. After his departure, he calms down, realizes that he is happy and hope to feel less alone, that his execution will take place before a large crowd and hostile.
4. Space and time
The first part takes place mainly in Algiers in the old Asylum at Marengo (80 miles from Algiers) and the beach where Meursault commits murder. This part takes about three weeks.
The second is to prison, jail, and was the trial of Meursault, which lasts a little over a year.
5. Characters
a. The hero Meursault : He saw a triple loneliness: physical, because having a den of friendly relationship very thin morality, because its concepts are different values that society attaches, philosophical, because everything he does not care.
All these actions are based on a personal vision of things. That is why Camus wrote: "We do not mislead by reading Abroad, the story of a man without heroic willing to die for the truth "
Meursault does not choose his friends. It is those who choose it. He is interested in them insofar as they may serve him with something, conservations with Raymond Sintes, physical love with Mary. Restoration with Celeste ... the only character who seems closest is the old Salamano who lived the same experience as him. Those who claim to save Meursault are those who manage to touch the least. This is the case of Justice and the chaplain who tries to convert. There's also the old Perez and director of the Asylum which ensures his conviction emphasizing its insensitivity.
b. The secondary characters
The other characters are silhouettes, characters of tenure because they have no depth outside of their relationship with Meursault. Besides, he seeks his love or friendship. Because they are seen through the eyes of the character-narrator. It is assumed that Meursault had a life empty.
Raymond: He seeks the help and friendship of Meursault. Meursault wrote him a letter of revenge. Nothing is known of him if he wants to use or Meursault if he seeks a sincere friend. Is he a villain ? We know he's a pimp (procurer or pimp), we Advocate General. It will be his first friend after the death of his mother Mary
: She is the wife of episodic Meursault, his "mistress." She has brown skin, gay. In the second part of the novel, it is virtually absent and Meursault himself wonders if she does not "his mouth to a new Meursault. So one may ask, does one even if Meursault loves Mary. In fact when he spoke of his mistress, Meursault did not know that he spoke of Mary as it does not consider it such. When Mary asked if loved him, he replied that he did not know. In all his heart, there apparently was not Mary.
Other sidekicks are Celeste, Salamano and old Perez
Salamano lives next tier of Meursault. Meursault that holds him is that he was mourning the loss of his dog. Compared with him, who had not wept at the death of his mother. It is a test bed to test the feelings of Meursault, about the reaction of someone who loses a loved one.
Perez is the only man who has mourned the death of Madame Meursault, so it becomes a witness supported in the trial of one who had not mourned the death of his mother. This character is therefore important to judge the moral side of the hero.
Arabs are part of the set of characters used to place the action in an Arab country, Algeria here. And the fact that the hero kills one is already a sign of guilt (racism is in course).
The other members of society: it was the director of the asylum of Marengo, Meursault boss, the judge , his lawyer , chaplain. Meursault feels a little sympathy for the Director of asylum and general counsel, does not understand the game of his own lawyer and refused the prayer of the chaplain. So he starts on the fringes of society.
The other characters are silhouettes, characters of tenure because they have no depth outside of their relationship with Meursault. Besides, he seeks his love or friendship. Because they are seen through the eyes of the character-narrator. It is assumed that Meursault had a life empty.
Raymond: He seeks the help and friendship of Meursault. Meursault wrote him a letter of revenge. Nothing is known of him if he wants to use or Meursault if he seeks a sincere friend. Is he a villain ? We know he's a pimp (procurer or pimp), we Advocate General. It will be his first friend after the death of his mother Mary
: She is the wife of episodic Meursault, his "mistress." She has brown skin, gay. In the second part of the novel, it is virtually absent and Meursault himself wonders if she does not "his mouth to a new Meursault. So one may ask, does one even if Meursault loves Mary. In fact when he spoke of his mistress, Meursault did not know that he spoke of Mary as it does not consider it such. When Mary asked if loved him, he replied that he did not know. In all his heart, there apparently was not Mary.
Other sidekicks are Celeste, Salamano and old Perez
Salamano lives next tier of Meursault. Meursault that holds him is that he was mourning the loss of his dog. Compared with him, who had not wept at the death of his mother. It is a test bed to test the feelings of Meursault, about the reaction of someone who loses a loved one.
Perez is the only man who has mourned the death of Madame Meursault, so it becomes a witness supported in the trial of one who had not mourned the death of his mother. This character is therefore important to judge the moral side of the hero.
Arabs are part of the set of characters used to place the action in an Arab country, Algeria here. And the fact that the hero kills one is already a sign of guilt (racism is in course).
The other members of society: it was the director of the asylum of Marengo, Meursault boss, the judge , his lawyer , chaplain. Meursault feels a little sympathy for the Director of asylum and general counsel, does not understand the game of his own lawyer and refused the prayer of the chaplain. So he starts on the fringes of society.
6. Themes
a. The absurd : For Pierre Louis Rey, is the absurd notion that Camus too intellectual can not deliver as a test of where this novel, which is a conceptualization of absurdity that reveals a world unfair where conformity is the rule, something that Meursault refuses. But the absurd progressively slipping on the revolt with first ... (To continue).
b. The revolt : Meursault is a rebel. His silence is a way for him not to play the game of society. And even if he has a chance to speak, he said his opposition or negation. Also denies there often, say "no."
Conclusion
Read L'Etranger is a like seeing both sides of man: one that accepts the inconsistencies and gaps in the world, a sign of absurdity and oddity of behavior and reaction, and one who rebels against certain forms of expression to assert its otherness, its individuality, his freedom. Moreover, in his book The fall Camus told his character, Clamence " I make a picture which is that everyone and anyone. A mask, in short, rather like those carnival ...".
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